The registration of intraoperative ultrasound (US) images with preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images is a challenging\r\nproblem due to the difference of information contained in each image modality. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce a new\r\nprobabilistic function based on the matching of cerebral hyperechogenic structures. In brain imaging, these structures are the\r\nliquid interfaces such as the cerebral falx and the sulci, and the lesions when the corresponding tissue is hyperechogenic. The\r\nregistration procedure is achieved by maximizing the joint probability for a voxel to be included in hyperechogenic structures in\r\nboth modalities. Experiments were carried out on real datasets acquired during neurosurgical procedures. The proposed validation\r\nframework is based on (i) visual assessment, (ii) manual expert estimations , and (iii) a robustness study. Results show that\r\nthe proposed method (i) is visually efficient, (ii) produces no statistically different registration accuracy compared to manualbased\r\nexpert registration, and (iii) converges robustly. Finally, the computation time required by our method is compatible with\r\nintraoperative use.
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